The SCIENTIFIC Method

原文: http://www.ielts-exam.net/docs/Reading/IELTS_Reading_12_Passage_3.htm

1.
不懂,那段"was arguing in favour of"

‘Hypotheses,’ said Medawar in 1964, ‘are imaginative and inspirational in character’; they are ‘adventures of the mind’. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper in The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1972, 3rd edition) that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive."

2.
不清楚那段""out of these sensory data"的意思
在奇摩字典上找到一個有可能的解釋,不知道是不是這個解釋?
"He was learning to carve little dancing figures out of wood .   他學著用木頭雕刻跳舞的小人。"

The myth of scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses - simple, unbiased, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data - commonly referred to as ‘facts’ — generalisations will form.

3.
這段話的結構我不是很明瞭,
裡面出現的"more"和"than"是一組比較級嗎?
所以這段話可以解釋成""
" involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, blind alleys and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component" 比閱讀" thesis or published"更加全面

This is much more holistic — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, blind alleys and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component -than is immediately apparent from reading the final thesis or published papers.

there is to it

#
這段話我一直看不太懂,特別是那個"there is to it"

"So, we've looked at various aspects of staff selection this term and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting applicants through a short interview or asking the 'right' questions."

目前對這段話用猜的理解:

"我們已瞭解徵才的不同面向, 現在各位因該也開始知道徵才不僅僅是面試和問正確的問題"

#

後面那句" you may be backing a loser",是什麼意思?

"(You can also check that they have a lot of experience.., that they've done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment.) But if they start work and you realise that they just don't get along with everybody else, that... say, they've got sharply contrasting views on how something will work.., well, with the best will in the world, you may be backing a loser."

我只能理解前半段大約是:

"但他開始工作後,你發現他無法和同事好好相處,並和大家意見紛歧"

to

"By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted to drop in both countries, most noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%."

類似的問題我常發生,不知道是不是文法上能補強那一塊,這句話我雖然看得懂,但我自己卻寫不出來,每次看到那個"to"就覺得很卡....

如果是我寫,會變成

"By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted dropping in both countries, most noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%."

"By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted that proporition of both countries will drop , most noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%."

另外一個例子
"Excited moms are eager to have their children come home"
可以寫成像這樣嗎?
"Excited moms are eager about their children coming home"
or
"Excited moms are eager that their children have come home"

falling into

"The pie charts compare the proportions of people falling into three distinct age groups in Yemen and Italy in two different years."

原文:http://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2014/01/ielts-writing-task-1-pie-charts-1.html

這段話我看得出來意思是

"這張圖用來比較葉門和義大利在三種年紀區間的人口比例"

但我可能會寫成

"The pie charts compare the proportions of people in three distinct age groups in Yemen and Italy in two different years."

其實我看不太懂得是" falling into"的用法,有沒有其他和這邊類似的用法?

car safty

1. you had to tell someone when you were due to get to a particular destination. 
大概理解的意思是 "必須告知你認識的人,你打算去的地方"

但不懂"due to"在這的意思,可以把due to拿掉寫成
"you had to tell someone when you were get to a particular destination."

2."it s much safer to get keys out well in advance as you go towards your car"
這句就真的看不懂

原文:

Let’s have a look at the figures here. Well, first of all, it was quite striking that there were often distinct answers from the men and women. It was mainly women, for example, who said one shouldn’t ever stop to find out how to get somewhere. Whereas it was men who said you should try to avoid looking directly at other drivers. Both men and... oh sorry no... it was women who said you had to tell someone when you were due to get to a particular destination. Then, I had thought that it would be mainly men, but both sexes made the point that it s much safer to get keys out well in advance as you go towards your car. Men were very aware that muggers or whatever might be concealed behind the car. They also made the point that you should leave plenty of room when you park your car so you can make a quick getaway if you need to. Finally, locking doors at all times... men didn’t think it was quite as important as women, but both gave it a high safety rating.

less likely to live alone

"Today Americans are actually less likely to live alone than are residents of many other nations, including those we generally regard as more communal."

我一直看不太懂為何"than"後面放了個"are".

這句話如果我寫,我不會放那個"are"

I doubted if the near neighborhood of man was not essential to a serene and healthy life.

底下這段話我有找到中文翻譯,不過粗體字的那部份怎麼看怎麼怪,如果直接看英文,我會覺得是"我懷疑住在群體中(旁邊有臨居??near neighborhood of man)不是平靜健康的生活所必需"

這樣就和我看到的中譯不同,意思剛好相反,而且擺在前後文中也很不通

"There can be no very black melancholy to him who lives in the midst of Nature and has his senses still

I have never felt  lonesome, or in the least oppressed by a sense of solitude but once...when,for an hour, I doubted if the  near neighborhood of man was not essential to a serene and healthy life. To be alone was something unpleasant..."

"我從不覺得寂寞,絲毫不被孤單折磨,但有那麼一次....那一個鐘頭的時間裡我懷疑一個人住不是平靜,健康生活的必需,孤單不是件快樂的事"