be concerned with

原文:CAMBRIDGE IELTS 3

"be concerned with" =>與...有關
所以底下的例句可以重組為
"one is concerned with the particular individual  in the analysis of any situation is usually given the name of focal person."

可以解釋成
"和the particular individual 有關的那個人被稱為focal person"
那個 particular individual? =>情境分析中的那個特定individual.
而the particular individual可以被解釋成"受到關注的個體"
所以這句可以解釋成
在做情境分析時,特別受到關注的個體稱為focal person


Any individual in any situation occupies a role in relation to other people. The particular individual with whom one is concerned in the analysis of any situation is usually given the name of focal person. He has the focal role and can be regarded as sitting in the middle of a group of people, with whom he interacts in some way in that situation. This group of people is called his role set. 

oppose的用法

原問題出處:
http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1395831217.A.E5C.html


Some people ____ the death penalty because they think it is cruel and against

human rights.

A.object to  B. disagree  C.oppose  D.oppose to  E.are opposed to


答案是 A.C.E

想請問各位前輩們 D.oppose to 為什麼不行? 那 E 被動 又要加to?


----------

object to:反對

disagree:為不及物動詞,使用上可能會需要withc或on, 另也需考量句意上是否合理

oppose:為及物動詞,後面可直接加受詞"death penalty",不需要+to,所以oppose to 就不能用,但及物動詞可改寫成形容詞的形式 "被動+to",所以 "are opposed to 就可以使用"

hat

這邊有張圖,根據文中的敘述選出三頂帽子的作者

Theresa因該是C,  Fabric因該是 E,

但Muriel,我就看不懂敘述了
除了可以從"rather like a crown"判斷是"D"外,前面的敘述我真的看不懂,特別是
" but has then gone on to add strips of paper that come out from the base and that meet at the top of the hat"這句


This one here is based on  a circular stairway in an old building in London. It uses three pillbox hats one on top of the other. This was designed by Theresa. 

Here's another one that has a simple strip going round the base of the hat but has then gone on to add strips of paper that come out from the base and that meet at the top of the hat -rather like a crown - making a fairly tall hat . This was made by Muriel.

And lastly there's a combination of the pillbox or single strip around the base and then the conical hat shape on-top to form a castle turret. This was made by Fabric

The SCIENTIFIC Method

原文: http://www.ielts-exam.net/docs/Reading/IELTS_Reading_12_Passage_3.htm

1.
不懂,那段"was arguing in favour of"

‘Hypotheses,’ said Medawar in 1964, ‘are imaginative and inspirational in character’; they are ‘adventures of the mind’. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper in The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1972, 3rd edition) that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive."

2.
不清楚那段""out of these sensory data"的意思
在奇摩字典上找到一個有可能的解釋,不知道是不是這個解釋?
"He was learning to carve little dancing figures out of wood .   他學著用木頭雕刻跳舞的小人。"

The myth of scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses - simple, unbiased, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data - commonly referred to as ‘facts’ — generalisations will form.

3.
這段話的結構我不是很明瞭,
裡面出現的"more"和"than"是一組比較級嗎?
所以這段話可以解釋成""
" involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, blind alleys and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component" 比閱讀" thesis or published"更加全面

This is much more holistic — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, blind alleys and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component -than is immediately apparent from reading the final thesis or published papers.

there is to it

#
這段話我一直看不太懂,特別是那個"there is to it"

"So, we've looked at various aspects of staff selection this term and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting applicants through a short interview or asking the 'right' questions."

目前對這段話用猜的理解:

"我們已瞭解徵才的不同面向, 現在各位因該也開始知道徵才不僅僅是面試和問正確的問題"

#

後面那句" you may be backing a loser",是什麼意思?

"(You can also check that they have a lot of experience.., that they've done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment.) But if they start work and you realise that they just don't get along with everybody else, that... say, they've got sharply contrasting views on how something will work.., well, with the best will in the world, you may be backing a loser."

我只能理解前半段大約是:

"但他開始工作後,你發現他無法和同事好好相處,並和大家意見紛歧"