refrain of

原文:http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/fashion-and-style/debra-bass/campaign-aims-to-make-retail-careers-trendy/article_50d19ffb-64b3-578d-ac15-89b481fb09ff.html

"Retail is detail. I say it all the time,” said Natalie Woods of Project Retail, a consulting firm that helps boutiques analyze sales data to work more efficiently. She, too, knows the refrain of would-be store owners who want to go into “fashion … and they don’t even really know what that means. "

看不懂 refrain of那段.
我猜的意思是
"他聽過不少有意願投入時尚界的人其實根本不懂他們要做的事"

如果意思是我猜得這樣,那可以寫成?
" She, too, knows many would-be store owners who want to go into “fashion … and they don’t even really know what that means. "

would

"The hardest part was conquering my fear of speaking in front of people. At first, I would just go blank because I  was so nervous."

這邊的"would"因該不是當"will"的過去式用,因該是"表示過去的習慣"(類似used to)

不過要注意,"would"用的時機是指"過去常發生",而並非"過去一段時間"

參考:http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/3911
I used to live in Taipei, but I moved to Kaohsiung last year   此時就不能用"would"代替"used to"

you are? you will?

"Please make sure that you're here by 2:00."
這句話中文照我的理解因該是"請確定兩點前你會出現在這裡"
那能否寫
"Please make sure that you will be here by 2:00"
???

Nvidia CEO sees future in cars and gaming

"Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang didn't want to talk about Surface with CNET as much as the company's new strategy, which he believes will pay off for the chipmaker. The following is an edited transcript of our conversation, which took place Wednesday here at the company's headquarters."

原文:http://www.cnet.com/news/nvidia-ceo-sees-future-in-cars-and-gaming-q-a/


個人猜測這句話意思因該是
"Nvidia CEO 並不想和CNET談論Surface,而是(他認為這間晶片公司有幫助的)未來的策略"

without which

在Cambridge文法書讀到"uint93 關係子句補述用法"時, 
看到了這個句子:
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have gotten lost. -----------s1

雖然類似的句子s5改成s6,我就是念得很順
"I forgot my passport, without which I cannot board the plane."-----------s5

"I forgot my passport, which I cannot board the plane without." ----------s6

但s1改成s2我就是怎麼念怎麼怪
"Fortunately we had a map, which we would have gotten lost without ." -------s2


首先第一件我要確定的事是
 "without"的用法是否可以如s3這樣用?

 "we would have gotten lost without a map"----------------------s3
結果在網路上找到類似的句子s4
 I'm sure we would have gotten lost without this helpful sign-------------s4

所以因該可以再繼續找其他可以佐證的範例
很幸運的,有人問了幾乎跟我99%一樣的問題
s7是否能寫成s8

Fortunately we got a map, without which we would have gotten lost.----------s7


Fortunately we got a map, which we would have gotten lost without.---------s8

答案是可以,但大家似乎比較喜歡用s7的寫法,所以我這邊的結論就是s1可以寫成s2,但建議寫s1!!!





https://www.flickr.com/photos/79209079@N02/7122269509/

http://www.englishpage.net/showthread.php?1929-need-some-help-with-adjective-clauses

http://www.englishforums.com/English/MeaningOfWithoutWhich/xpjql/post.htm

限定用法,補述用法

在文法書講解限定用法的地方看到以下練習

#1句子組合

"The new stadium will be opened next month.(It can hold 90,000 people.)"

根據answer key, 參考答案為
"The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month"
我知道這是類似同位語的補述

但是否在不同的情境下,可以用以下的寫法
"The new stadium which can hold 90,000 people will be opened next month" 
例如有個國家正在申辦奧運,一次蓋了一堆新的體育館,此時我如果希望指名指名是可以裝90000人的那個體育館,而非當同位語補述,是否就可以用"限定用法"???

#2

類似的問題,
"I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now"
參考答案為
"I've found the book which I was looking for"

但如果此時,我認為大家都知到書不見了,一講找到書大家就知道是那本找到了,那我是否又可以用補述的方式說
"I've found the book, which I was looking for"