一些that子句的問題

就我目前的了解，

1.that不能接非限定子句

2.所謂非限定子句其作用為"補充說明"

"My brother ,who lives in Taipei, will come back next week"

"我哥哥，住台北，下星期會回來"

（而非"我住台北的哥哥下星期會回來"）

3.非限定用法會伴隨","出現在關係子句之前

疑問：

Q1: "It is certain that the earth is round."

這個"that"的先行詞是"certain",而非整個主要子句?

Q2:有沒有先行詞是句子但又是非限定用法的時候？

it's billed as the largest in the world

it's billed as the largest in the world, with thousands of scooter enthusiasts descending on the island from all over the world. There, I'd join in with the rideouts and the festivities and chat to enthusiasts about their pride and joy.

前半段我大該看得懂

"這個活動以全球最大為號招（最大的速可達嘉年華），聚集了全世界的速克達愛好者"

後半段用猜的

"我參加了那些活動(rideout/festivities)並和其他愛好者聊聊他們的pride和joy"

Q1:那個"descending"在此處的意思？
雖然用前後文可以推出也許有聚集的意思...但查了一下字典找不太到這個用法

Q2: "I'd join in with"的文法看不懂
我一直找不到had+原形動詞的用法

in which

"Many Indian children have no house in which they can live"

是否可寫成

"Many Indian children have no house which they can live in"
或是

"Many Indian children have no house where they can live"
???

Robertoson began

"Robertson began by conceding that economics,concerned as it is with the desire for gain,does not deal with the noblest human motives"

這個句子我一直無法看懂其含意及結構

幾個疑問
1."econamics"前面的"that"是關係代名詞嗎？
所以後面的子句是"economics,concerned as it is with the desire for gain"嗎？

2."economics" 後面為何有個逗點?

3."with"在這裡的用法

由於文章內容無法剪下貼上，所以如果有需要，我再key in前後文

could的用法

看到一段標題

"Microsoft Office for iOS, Android could debut early next year""A version of Office for the iPhone, iPad, and Android devices will launch in early 2013, according to the Verge."

雖然原文標題我大概看得懂是
"iOS及Android版本的 Office 可能明年初會上市"

原文:
http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57546259-75/microsoft-office-for-ios-android-could-debut-early-next-year/


因為最近看到有關could的用法

1.can 的過去式

2.禮貌的請求
"could you operate this washing machine for me?"

3.和現在或未來事實相反
"If I had enough money, I could buy  that car now."


以前我如果看到could就很單純的翻譯成"可能"....但自從學了假設語氣後,每回看到could/should...這類東西腦袋都會卡住

另外我也看過有書上寫
可能性的強度 =>"can>may>could>might"

如果could都已經被認定為是"和現在或未來事實相反" 那 could怎麼還會比might排序在前面??

我目前的猜測是=>是否could出現在 "if"子句才是 "和現在或未來事實相反"?????

Changes from the outside

為何這些動詞(紅字的部份)用過去式?
但第二段那個"agree"卻又用現在式?

In the late 1920s, researchers found a tribe of untouched by modern society. This was the first reported meeting with the Yanomami, who were living deep within the South American jungle.

Scientists agree that their location deep in the forest helped keep their culture unchanged. Until recently, most  Yanomami still lived in isolated regions. Everything they needed came from the rain forest. They hunted, fished and farmed the land. Then a discovery brought the outside world to them. And along with it came deadly changes.




[StudioClassRoom 11 2012]

時態的使用問題

時態的使用問題
有句話我原先中文的意思是這樣:

"在目前的SVN中,所有的channel都會被使用到,不管是彩色列印或是黑白列印. 這是必需的,因為VideoDriver在這之前就已經起動了4個(所有的)channel."

大致說明一下這個東西的背景,
印表機有4個channel (藍紅黃黑),照理說如果只印黑白,因該機器只需要處理黑色的channel,而當使用者進行彩色列印時則4個顏色的channel都會需要被處理.

但現在有某機型的設計是不管是彩色或黑白,4個channel都需要處理,只是黑白列印時,原本不需使用的另外三個channel裡面沒有任何資料(但程序還是要跑). 之所以要這樣用的原因是有個叫videoDriver的東西在機器在一開機時就已經設定好機器4個channel都要用,如果列印時不4個channel的使用程序都去處理,印表機就會當機,偏偏videoDriver設定完後大家又不能再去動這個設定....所以只好硬著頭皮這樣用.

我英文原先是這樣寫
"In current SVN, all of channels will be used whatever the printing is mono or color.
It is necessary because  VideoDriver has enabled  the 4 channels".

我一直很猶豫這兩句話要使用什麼時態?

以前學英文時都有教過去發生的兩件事先發生的用過去完成式,後發生的用過去式.
但我現在的例子比較像 "某一個既定的事實"(使用4channel)和"某一個既定事實如果發生之前伴隨的一個事件"(videoDriver先設定了要用4 channel)....感覺要用現在式,但又覺得用未來式念起來很順....@@.....另外要如何在現在式和未來式中表現"先發生的事?"